| 何少雄,董国军,文春华,毛景文,肖荣,陈剑锋,陈旭,周超,刘南,王灵珏.湖南省花岗岩型锂多金属矿勘查与研究进展[J].矿产勘查,2025,16(8):1825-1854 |
| 湖南省花岗岩型锂多金属矿勘查与研究进展 |
| Exploration and research progress of granite-type lithium polymetallic deposits in Hunan Province |
| 投稿时间：2025-06-27 |
| DOI：10.20008/j.kckc.202508002 |
| 中文关键词: 南岭成矿带 稀有金属 花岗岩型锂矿 岩石成因 成矿机制中图分类号:P578.94文献标志码:A文章编号:1674-7801(2025)09-1825-30 |
| 英文关键词: Nanling metallogenic belt rare metals granite-type lithium deposits petrogenesis mineralization mechanism |
| 基金项目:本文受国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC2906405)、湖南省自然科学基金项目(2025JJ80043、2025JJ80405)、湖南省地质院科技计划项目(HNGSTP202527、HNGSTP202462)和湖南省自然资源厅科技计划项目(20230102DZ)联合资助。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 南岭成矿带湖南段是中国重要的花岗岩型锂多金属成矿带之一，然而其岩浆演化过程与成矿机制尚未形成系统认识。本文以香花岭、正冲、大义山和上堡等典型花岗岩型锂矿区为研究对象，系统总结了其勘查进展、岩相学、矿物学、年代学与地球化学研究成果。近年来湖南省锂多金属勘查工作取得重要突破，新探明香花岭鸡脚山超大型锂多金属矿床，资源评价显示凉亭坳、辉山、大冲里和上堡矿区亦具找矿潜力。年代学、岩相学以及元素地球化学研究表明，区域成矿作用主要集中在晚侏罗世(160~149 Ma)和晚白垩世(约 95 Ma)两个高峰期，花岗岩体普遍具有自黑云母二长花岗岩经铁锂云母花岗岩、钠长石花岗岩向云英岩演化的特征，该过程与 Li、Rb、Nb、Ta等稀有金属元素的逐步富集相耦合。同位素地球化学研究显示成矿岩浆主要源于古—中元古代基底岩石部分熔融。F和 Li等挥发分的富集可有效促进了岩浆迁移能力，“晶粥”模型为解释该区高分异花岗岩的形成提供了合理机制；而晚期岩浆-热液阶段流体的强烈活动是稀有金属超常富集的关键控制因素。综上所述，湘南地区花岗岩型稀有金属成矿是高程度结晶分异与晚期岩浆-热液过程共同作用的结果。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The Hunan segment of the Nanling metallogenic belt represents one of China’s most importantgranite-related lithium polymetallic provinces. However, its magmatic evolution and metallogenic mechanisms re-main insufficiently constrained. This study synthesizes recent advances in exploration together with petrographic,mineralogical, geochronological, and geochemical studies from representative granite-type lithium deposits in theXianghualing, Zhengchong, Dayishan, and Shangbao areas. Recent discoveries, including the newly identifiedsuper-large Jijiaoshan lithium polymetallic deposit in Xianghualing, mark significant exploration breakthroughs.Resource assessments further indicate substantial Li2O potential in the Liangting’ao, Huishan, Dachongli, andShangbao districts. Geochronological evidence reveals two major metallogenic peaks during the Late Jurassic (160-149 Ma) and Late Cretaceous (~95 Ma). Petrographic and mineralogical observations demonstrate a compositionalevolution from biotite monzogranite through zinnwaldite granite and albite granite to greisen, reflecting progressivemagmatic differentiation coupled with enrichment of Li, Rb, Nb, and Ta. Whole-rock Sr-Nd and zircon Hf-O isoto-pic compositions suggest that the parental magmas were mainly derived from Paleo-Mesoproterozoic basement. Theenrichment of volatile components such as F and Li lowered melt viscosity and solidus temperature, enhancingmagma differentiation and mobility. The“crystal mush”model provides a reasonable explanation for the genesis ofthese highly fractionated granites. Moreover, intense volatile-rich fluid activity during the magmatic-hydrothermalstage played a crucial role in the extreme enrichment of rare metals. Collectively, the granite-type rare metal miner-alization in southern Hunan resulted from the combined effects of fractional crystallization and late-stagemagmatic-hydrothermal processes. Keyword: Nanling metallogenic belt; rare metals; granite-type lithium deposits; petrogenesis; mineralization mechanism [收稿日期]2025-06-27；[修回日期]2025-07-05 [基金项目]本文受国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC2906405)、湖南省自然科学基金项目(2025JJ80043、2025JJ80405)、湖南省地质院科技计划项目(HNGSTP202527、HNGSTP202462)和湖南省自然资源厅科技计划项目(20230102DZ)联合资助。 [第一作者简介]何少雄，男，1996年生，博士，工程师，主要从事岩浆岩石学及相关稀有金属成矿机制研究；E-mail:shaoxiong.he@foxmail.com。 [通讯作者简介]文春华，男，1982年生，博士，正高级工程师，主要从事稀有金属矿产成矿机制研究；E-mail:herowch2004@163.com 参考文献 Bachmann O, Bergantz G W. 2004. On the origin of crystal-poor rhyo-lites: Extracted from batholithic crystal mushes[J]. Journal of Petrol-ogy, 45(8): 1565-1582. Bea F, Arzamastsev A, Montero P, Arzamastseva L. 2001. Anomalous al-kaline rocks of soustov, kola: Evidence of mantle-derived metaso-matic fluids affecting crustal materials[J]. 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