| 蔡佳明,陈鑫,徐红涛,闫晓锋,陈旭.矿集区土壤典型重金属生态风险评价及源解析[J].矿产勘查,2026,17(1):197-207 |
| 矿集区土壤典型重金属生态风险评价及源解析 |
| Ecological risk assessment and source apportionment of typical heavy metals in soils from a mineral agglomeration zone |
| 投稿时间：2024-09-11 |
| DOI：10.20008/j.kckc.202601016 |
| 中文关键词: 土壤 重金属 生态风险评价 源解析 |
| 英文关键词: soil heavy metals ecological risk assessment source apportionment |
| 基金项目:本文受中色资源环境工程股份有限公司企业项目(2410132)资助。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 矿集区土壤重金属背景值普遍较高，矿山采选和冶炼活动更是加剧了重金属的迁移转化和富集，矿业活动停止后仍可对周边环境产生持续影响，开展矿区周边土壤重金属风险评估与源解析，对保障农产品安全和人体健康具有重要意义。本文以某闭库金矿尾矿库周边土壤为研究对象，分析土壤中 Sb、As、Cd、Pb、 Cu、Zn、Hg分布特征，运用地累积指数、综合潜在生态风险指数开展生态风险评价，采用空间分析、多元统计及绝对主因子-多元线性回归受体模型对重金属进行源解析。结果表明:(1)表层土壤 pH呈碱性，含水率 1.8%～22.8%，重金属地质背景高，各元素空间差异大，受人类活动影响强烈；Cu、Pb、As中位数高于本区表层背景；除 Hg外，其他金属高值区集中在尾矿库附近，As、Cu、Zn高值区沿地形向河道及下游方向扩散。(2)地累积指数及生态风险系数较高的重金属为 Hg、As、Cd、Cu，综合潜在生态指数较高的区域集中在尾矿库区域。(3)表层土壤重金属由尾矿源、自然源、大气交互与降雨径流侵蚀共同作用。Sb、As、Cd、Pb多来源于尾矿库，Cu、Zn受尾矿库、自然源及点源输入共同影响，Hg则受大气交互作用及点源输入影响。研究区重金属生态风险较高，范围局限，多由于尾矿堆存引起，需强化尾矿周边监测与监管，保障周边生态安全。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The background values of heavy metals in mining area soils are generally elevated. Mining, mineral processing, and smelting activities not only exacerbate the migration, transformation, and enrichment of heavy metal contaminants, but also exert persistent environmental impacts on surrounding ecosystems even after cessation of mining operations. Conducting comprehensive risk assessment and source apportionment of soil heavy metals inperi-mining regions is of paramount importance for ensuring agricultural product safety and safeguarding humanhealth. This scientific investigation provides critical insights for developing targeted remediation strategies and for-mulating evidence-based environmental management policies. This study focuses on soils surrounding a decommis-sioned gold mine tailings pond, investigating the distribution characteristics of Sb, As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Hg. Asystematic ecological risk assessment was conducted employing the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and integrated potential ecological risk index (RI). Furthermore, source apportionment of heavy metals was performed through spa-tial analysis, multivariate statistics, and the absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) receptor model. The results show that: (1) Surface soils exhibit an alkaline pH range (1.8%-22.8% moisturecontent), with elevated geological background levels of heavy metals and significant spatial heterogeneity. Anthropo-genic influences dominate metal distribution. Median concentrations of Cu, Pb, and As exceed regional surfacebackground thresholds. Elevated concentrations of all metals (except Hg) cluster near the tailings reservoir, whilehigh-value zones of As, Cu, and Zn extend downstream along topographic gradients toward river channels. (2) Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and ecological risk coefficients identify Hg, As, Cd, and Cu as priority pollutants. Re-gions with higher integrated potential ecological risk indices (RI) predominantly coincide with the tailings reservoirvicinity. (3) Heavy metal distribution in surface soils arises from synergistic effects of tailings reservoir sources,natural weathering, atmospheric deposition, and rainfall-runoff erosion processes. Sb, As, Cd, and Pb originate pre-dominantly from tailings reservoir leaching; Cu and Zn derive from mixed contributions of tailings, natural litho-genic sources, and point-source pollution; Hg accumulation is attributed to atmospheric deposition and localizedpoint-source inputs. The study area exhibits spatially constrained but elevated ecological risks, primarily driven bytailings stockpiling. Targeted monitoring and regulatory measures are imperative to mitigate contamination pathwaysand safeguard regional ecological security. |
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